{"id":125,"date":"2021-07-21T03:57:51","date_gmt":"2021-07-21T03:57:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tintucusa.com\/?p=125"},"modified":"2021-07-21T03:57:53","modified_gmt":"2021-07-21T03:57:53","slug":"tim-hieu-thi-truong-chung-khoan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tintucusa.com\/index.php\/2021\/07\/21\/tim-hieu-thi-truong-chung-khoan\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm Hi\u1ec3u Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u1ee9ng Kho\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/a> tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0: c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m<\/strong>\u00a0ch\u1ea1y theo \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec m\u1edbi gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong> v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y in ti\u1ec1n, gi\u00fap ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho b\u1ea1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t\u00a0ch\u00e1n<\/strong>\u00a0nh\u01b0ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang<\/strong>\u00a0thay v\u00ec coi nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u1ecdn c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb t\u1ea9u qu\u1ea3, lo\u1ea1n x\u00e0 ng\u1ea7u l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 mua<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ee3 nh\u1ecf ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
S\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n Nyse<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i ch\u1ee3 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee3 mua th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1i giao d\u1ecbch <\/strong>\u1edf ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 c\u00e1, th\u1ecbt, rau m\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n mua th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1<\/strong> v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u1edf ch\u1ee3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 khi \u0111i mua th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u1edf ch\u1ee3 v\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n (stock market) th\u00ec n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i\u00a0ch\u1ee3 giao d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/strong>\u00a0gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p <\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Internet \u0111\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch. C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi mua ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n sau khi b\u00e1n c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu s\u1ebd \u1edf trong t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n<\/strong> m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n m\u1edf v\u1edbi s\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd giao d\u1ecbch<\/strong> gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadt nh\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u2013 share of stock?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn<\/strong> cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/strong> m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty theo nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cShare of Stock is a pieces of paper that represent ownership in a coporation.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i ch\u1ee3 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n mua. C\u00f2n khi b\u1ea1n giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0110\u1ea7u
\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty r\u1ed3i th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (investor) ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng (shareholder)<\/strong> c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0m \u0103n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, th\u00ec c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean gi\u00e1<\/strong> gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1eddi khi b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft<\/strong>\u00a0tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty (company\u2019s annual meeting).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fd do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 IPO (Initial public offering)<\/strong> tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e0n nh\u01b0 NYSE \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n<\/strong> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ty. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/strong> th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd mua v\u00f4 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu v\u00ec b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty Netflix v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. D\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u mu\u1ed1n mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua gi\u00e1 mua v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n (bid \u2013 ask)<\/strong> v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu s\u1ebd \u0111i l\u00ean v\u00ec cung v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea7u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e1n c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Capital Gains<\/strong> \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu A tr\u00ean 1 n\u0103m v\u00e0 b\u00e1n ra l\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi $80k th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n mua b\u00e1n c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n Roth IRA<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu b\u1ecb thua l\u1ed7 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Capital Loss<\/strong> th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i khai thu\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu nh\u1eadp kh\u00e1c \u1edf M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n khi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u1edf M\u1ef9. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0: mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i gi\u00e1 l\u00ean<\/strong> cao r\u1ed3i b\u00e1n (chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt buy and hold long term<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t\u00a0kh\u00f3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n<\/strong>\u00a0n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n\u00a0kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ty A, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t d\u1eabn t\u1edbi\u00a0gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu r\u1edbt<\/strong>\u00a0th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111ang c\u00f3 tin s\u1eafp khai ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n<\/strong> th\u00ec b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 n\u00ean mua v\u00f4 th\u00eam c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 x\u1ea3y ra hay l\u00e0 b\u00e1n ra c\u1eaft l\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 v\u00ec c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/strong>: s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i khi thua l\u1ed7 v\u00ec th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n r\u1edbt, s\u1ef1 tham lam v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u1edbn khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang l\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c hy v\u1ecdng khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong m\u1ee5c \u201ct\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/a>\u201d s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro<\/strong>, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn<\/strong> khi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0: c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tintucusa.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tintucusa.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tintucusa.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tintucusa.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tintucusa.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=125"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tintucusa.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tintucusa.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tintucusa.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tintucusa.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}